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  2. The Translator's Invisibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Translator's_Invisibility

    The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation is a translation studies book by Lawrence Venuti originally released in 1995. A second, substantially revised edition was published in 2008. This book represents one of Venuti's most-studied works in which the author attempts to retrace the history of translation across the ages.

  3. QR code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QR_code

    The QR code system was invented in 1994, at the Denso Wave automotive products company, in Japan. The initial alternating-square design presented by the team of researchers, headed by Masahiro Hara, was influenced by the black counters and the white counters played on a Go board; the pattern of position detection was found and determined by applying the least-used ratio (1:1:3:1:1) in black ...

  4. Linear code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_code

    A linear code of length n and dimension k is a linear subspace C with dimension k of the vector space where is the finite field with q elements. Such a code is called a q -ary code. If q = 2 or q = 3, the code is described as a binary code, or a ternary code respectively. The vectors in C are called codewords.

  5. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is a translation of a text done by translating each word separately without looking at how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).

  6. Collaborative translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_translation

    Collaborative translation refers to the technique of having multiple translation participants with varying tasks participate simultaneously in a collaborative workspace with shared resources. It is a new technique made possible by cloud computing. [3] The purpose of collaborative translation is to reduce the total time of the translation ...

  7. List of country calling codes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes

    Zone 5 uses eight 2-digit codes (51–58) and two sets of 3-digit codes (50x, 59x) to serve South and Central America. Zone 6 uses seven 2-digit codes (60–66) and three sets of 3-digit codes (67x–69x) to serve Southeast Asia and Oceania. Zone 7 uses an integrated numbering plan; two digits (7x) determine the area served: Russia or Kazakhstan.

  8. Bacterial translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_translation

    Initiation of translation in bacteria involves the assembly of the components of the translation system, which are: the two ribosomal subunits ( 50S and 30S subunits); the mature mRNA to be translated; the tRNA charged with N -formylmethionine (the first amino acid in the nascent peptide); guanosine triphosphate (GTP) as a source of energy, and ...

  9. Genetic code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code

    The genetic code is the set of rules used by living cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences of nucleotide triplets, or codons) into proteins. Translation is accomplished by the ribosome , which links proteinogenic amino acids in an order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA), using transfer RNA (tRNA ...